🌳 Understanding Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs): Protecting Our Green Heritage
Trees are more than just natural ornaments; they are vital components of our environment, offering ecological, aesthetic, and health benefits. In the UK, certain trees are protected by Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs) to ensure their longevity and the continued enjoyment of their presence by future generations.
What is a Tree Preservation Order?
A Tree Preservation Order is a legal mechanism employed by local planning authorities to protect specific trees, groups of trees, or woodlands in the interests of amenity. An Order prohibits the:
cutting down
topping
lopping
uprooting
wilful damage
wilful destruction
of trees without the local authority’s written consent.
What You Can and Can’t Do
Under a TPO, you cannot:
Cut down or uproot the tree
Top, lop, or prune branches
Wilfully damage or destroy the tree
without obtaining prior written consent from the local planning authority.
However, there are exceptions:
If the tree is dead or poses an immediate risk to people or property, you may undertake necessary work but must notify the local authority as soon as possible.
Certain works may be permitted under specific circumstances, but it’s essential to consult with the local authority beforehand.
How to Obtain Permission
If you wish to carry out work on a protected tree, you must apply for permission through your local council.
In Leeds, for instance, you can apply for permission to work on protected trees using the Planning Portal.
The application should include:
Details of the tree(s)
The proposed work
Reasons for the work
Supporting evidence, such as photographs
The local authority will then assess the application, considering factors like the tree’s health, amenity value, and the impact of the proposed work.
How to Identify Protected Trees
To determine if a tree is protected by a TPO:
Check your local council’s website; many have interactive maps or lists of protected trees.
Contact the council’s planning or tree officer directly.
Review the property’s land charges register, especially when purchasing a property.
Some trees may also have physical markers, such as a small silver tag, indicating their protected status.
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Unauthorised work on a protected tree is a criminal offence.
Penalties include:
Fines up to £20,000 in a Magistrates’ Court for each offence.
Unlimited fines in the Crown Court for more severe breaches.
Additionally, offenders may be required to plant a replacement tree.
The Importance of TPOs
TPOs play a crucial role in preserving our natural heritage. They:
Protect trees of significant amenity value
Maintain biodiversity and ecological balance
Enhance the character and appearance of local areas
Recent incidents, such as the felling of ancient trees like the Sycamore Gap tree and the Enfield Oak, have highlighted gaps in current tree protection laws and the need for stronger measures. By understanding and respecting Tree Preservation Orders, we contribute to the conservation of our environment and ensure that the beauty and benefits of our trees endure for generations to come.
Sources:
UK Government Guidance: Tree Preservation Orders and Trees in Conservation Areas
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/tree-preservation-orders-and-trees-in-conservation-areasApply to work on a protected tree (Planning Portal via gov.uk)
https://www.gov.uk/apply-work-on-protected-treeLeeds City Council: Apply for permission to work on a protected tree
https://www.leeds.gov.uk/planning/conservation-protection-and-heritage/tree-works-and-preservation/apply-for-permission-to-work-on-a-protected-treeThe Arboricultural Association – FAQs on TPOs
https://www.trees.org.uk/Help-Advice/Public/How-can-I-find-out-if-the-trees-within-my-ownershiMyJobQuote – How to tell if a tree is protected
https://www.myjobquote.co.uk/questions/how-to-tell-if-a-tree-is-protectedRenshaw Derrick Solicitors – Tree Preservation Order breaches
https://www.renshawderrick.co.uk/site/services/criminal-defence-solicitors/regulatory-offences/tree-preservation-order-breachesThe Guardian – Felled giants expose gaps in tree protection
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/23/felled-giants-expose-gaps-in-tree-protectionThe Times – Ancient trees like Enfield Oak and Sycamore Gap under threat
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ancient-trees-like-enfield-oak-and-sycamore-gap-under-threat-d77h08068